Bobcat - Wikipedia. The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a North American cat that appeared during the Irvingtonian stage of around 1.
AEO). The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, as well as semidesert, urban edge, forest edge, and swampland environments. It remains in some of its original range, but populations are vulnerable to local extinction (. With a gray to brown coat, whiskered face, and black- tufted ears, the bobcat resembles the other species of the midsized Lynx genus. It is smaller on average than the Canada lynx, with which it shares parts of its range, but is about twice as large as the domestic cat. It has distinctive black bars on its forelegs and a black- tipped, stubby tail, from which it derives its name. Though the bobcat prefers rabbits and hares, it hunts insects, chickens, geese and other birds, small rodents, and deer. Prey selection depends on location and habitat, season, and abundance.
Like most cats, the bobcat is territorial and largely solitary, although with some overlap in home ranges. It uses several methods to mark its territorial boundaries, including claw marks and deposits of urine or feces. The bobcat breeds from winter into spring and has a gestation period of about two months. Although bobcats have been hunted extensively by humans, both for sport and fur, their population has proven resilient though declining in some areas. The elusive predator features in Native American mythology and the folklore of European settlers.
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Taxonomy. Comparative illustration of bobcat (top) and Canada lynx (bottom) heads (1. There had been debate over whether to classify this species as Lynx rufus or Felis rufus as part of a wider issue regarding whether the four species of Lynx should be given their own genus, or be placed as a subgenus of Felis.
This population evolved into modern bobcats around 2. A second population arrived from Asia and settled in the north, developing into the modern Canada lynx. Allen) – central Mexico, with a northern extension along the west coast to southern Sonora. L. Its coat is variable, though generally tan to grayish- brown, with black streaks on the body and dark bars on the forelegs and tail. Its spotted patterning acts as camouflage. The ears are black- tipped and pointed, with short, black tufts. Generally, an off- white color is seen on the lips, chin, and underparts.
![The Silent Lynx The Silent Lynx](http://vgboxart.com/resources/render/9202_dead-rising-3-prev.png)
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Bobcats in the desert regions of the southwest have the lightest- colored coats, while those in the northern, forested regions are darkest. Kittens are born well- furred and already have their spots. They appear black, but may still exhibit a spot pattern.
Bobcat eyes are yellow with black pupils. The nose of the bobcat is pinkish- red, and it has a base color of gray or yellowish- or brownish- red on its face, sides, and back. It is an excellent climber, and swims when it needs to, but normally avoids water. At birth, it weighs 0. By its first birthday, it weighs about 1. It keeps on the move from three hours before sunset until about midnight, and then again from before dawn until three hours after sunrise.
Each night, it moves from 2 to 7 mi (3. The home range is marked with feces, urine scent, and by clawing prominent trees in the area. In its territory, the bobcat has numerous places of shelter, usually a main den, and several auxiliary shelters on the outer extent of its range, such as hollow logs, brush piles, thickets, or under rock ledges. Its den smells strongly of the bobcat. Transient bobcats were found to have both larger (roughly 2.
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Kittens had the smallest range at about 3 sq mi (7. One study found a large variation in male range sizes, from 1. Unusual for cats, males are more tolerant of overlap, while females rarely wander into others' ranges. When multiple male territories overlap, a dominance hierarchy is often established, resulting in the exclusion of some transients from favored areas. In line with widely differing estimates of home range size, population density figures are divergent, from one to 3.
One study noted a dense, unhunted population in California had a sex ratio of 2. When the density decreased, the sex ratio skewed to 0. Another study observed a similar ratio, and suggested the males may be better able to cope with the increased competition, and this helped limit reproduction until various factors lowered the density.
- A not so common animal is the Canadian lynx. The lynx is almost identical to a regular house cat, but larger.
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During lean periods, it often preys on larger animals on which it can kill and return to feed later. The bobcat hunts by stalking its prey and then ambushing it with a short chase or pounce. Its preference is for mammals weighing about 1.
Its main prey varies by region. In the eastern United States, it is the eastern cottontail species, and in the north it is the snowshoe hare. When these prey species exist together, as in New England, they are the primary food sources of the bobcat. In the far south, the rabbits and hares are sometimes replaced by cotton rats as the primary food source. Birds up to the size of a swan are also taken, along with their fledglings and eggs. The bobcat is an opportunistic predator that, unlike the more specialized Canada lynx, readily varies its prey selection. With small animals, such as rodents (including squirrels), birds, fish including small sharks.
It then pounces, grabbing its prey with its sharp, retractable claws. For slightly larger animals, such as geese, rabbits, and hares, it stalks from cover and waits until prey comes within 2. Less commonly, it feeds on larger animals, such as young ungulates, and other carnivores, such as fishers (primarily female), foxes, minks, skunks, small dogs, and domesticated cats. While larger species, such as cattle and horses, are not known to be attacked, bobcats do present a threat to smaller ruminants, such as sheep and goats. According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service, bobcats killed 1.
One study in the Everglades showed a large majority of kills (3. On the rare occasions a bobcat kills a deer, it eats its fill and then buries the carcass under snow or leaves, often returning to it several times to feed. Research in Maine has shown little evidence of competitive relationships between the bobcat and coyote or red fox; separation distances and territory overlap appeared random among simultaneously monitored animals. The oldest wild bobcat on record was 1. Sperm production begins each year by September or October, and the male is fertile into the summer.
A dominant male travels with a female and mates with her several times, generally from winter until early spring; this varies by location, but most mating takes place during February and March. The pair may undertake a number of different behaviors, including bumping, chasing, and ambushing.
Other males may be in attendance, but remain uninvolved. Once the male recognizes the female is receptive, he grasps her in the typical felid neck grip and mates with her. The female may later go on to mate with other males. Bobcats remain reproductively active throughout their lives. One to six, but usually two to four, kittens are born in April or May, after roughly 6. Sometimes, a second litter is born as late as September. The female generally gives birth in an enclosed space, usually a small cave or hollow log.
The young open their eyes by the ninth or tenth day. They start exploring their surroundings at four weeks and are weaned at about two months. Within three to five months, they begin to travel with their mother. The tracks can range in size from 1 to 3 in (2. The bobcat can make great strides when running, often from 4 to 8 ft (1. Bobcat tracks can be generally distinguished from feral or house cat tracks by their larger size: about 2. Cougars and gray wolves can kill adult bobcats, a behavior repeatedly observed in Yellowstone National Park.
Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) have been reportedly observed preying on bobcats. Juveniles show high mortality shortly after leaving their mothers, while still perfecting their hunting techniques. One study of 1. 5 bobcats showed yearly survival rates for both sexes averaged 0. Internal parasites (endoparasites) are especially common in bobcats. Parasites' and diseases' role in the mortality of the bobcat is still unclear, but they may account for greater mortality than starvation, accidents, and predation. It prefers woodlands—deciduous, coniferous, or mixed—but unlike the other Lynx species, it does not depend exclusively on the deep forest. It ranges from the humid swamps of Florida to desert lands of Texas or rugged mountain areas.
It makes its home near agricultural areas, if rocky ledges, swamps, or forested tracts are present; its spotted coat serves as camouflage. In the 2. 0th century, it was thought to have lost territory in the US Midwest and parts of the Northeast, including southern Minnesota, eastern South Dakota, and much of Missouri, mostly due to habitat changes from modern agricultural practices. The bobcat does not tolerate deep snow, and waits out heavy storms in sheltered areas. The bobcat is not entirely at a disadvantage where its range meets that of the larger felid: displacement of the Canadian lynx by the aggressive bobcat has been observed where they interact in Nova Scotia, while the clearing of coniferous forests for agriculture has led to a northward retreat of the Canadian lynx's range to the advantage of the bobcat. The animal is regulated in all three of its range countries, and is found in a number of protected areas of the United States, its principal territory. The IUCN lists it as a species of least concern, noting it is relatively widespread and abundant, but information from southern Mexico is poor.
It was removed from the threatened list of Illinois in 1. Iowa in 2. 00. 3. In Pennsylvania, limited hunting and trapping are once again allowed, after having been banned from 1. The bobcat also suffered population decline in New Jersey at the turn of the 1.
In the 1. 97. 0s and 1. As a result, the rate of bobcat deaths is skewed in winter, when hunting season is generally open.
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